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  
经验9425 点
威望1 点
金钱17324 ¥
在线时间642 小时
主题901
管理员
联都副站长
  
- UID
- 3754
- 经验
- 9425 点
- 威望
- 1 点
- 在线时间
- 642 小时
- 注册时间
- 2005-1-30
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<P 0cm 0pt?><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT><FONT size=4>〖缺如〗《论语<FONT face="Times New Roman">.</FONT>子路》子曰<FONT face="Times New Roman">:“</FONT>君子于其所不知,盖缺如也</FONT><FONT size=4><FONT face="Times New Roman">”
</FONT>
<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>例<FONT face="Times New Roman">:</FONT>未必逢凶化<FONT face="Times New Roman">[ ]/</FONT>何曾起死回</FONT><FONT size=4><FONT face="Times New Roman">[ ]
</FONT>
<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>对联是嘲庸医“吉生”的。“逢凶化吉”是一个成语<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>上联末仅<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>逢凶化<FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT>三字,一看便知所缺为<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>吉<FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT>。<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>起死回生<FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT>也是一个成语<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>下联末仅有<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>起死回<FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT>三字<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>一看便知所缺为<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>生<FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT>。缺如原意为<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>保留<FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT>,这里借指人们在作对联时故意空出某个字让别人去填补,联意的<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>重心<FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT>则正在<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>空出的字<FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT>上。
<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>〖重言〗一联中多次使用某个或某些词语。
<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>例<FONT face="Times New Roman">:</FONT>氷冷酒,一点两点三点<FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT>丁香花,百头千头萬头
<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>上联的“点”和下联的“头”都重言了三次。
<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>〖两兼〗一个字既属前词,又可同后面的字组词连讲。
<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>例<FONT face="Times New Roman">:</FONT>李东阳气暖<FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT>柳下惠风和
<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>相传为李东阳与人应答而作<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>上联为他人所出<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>故意用李东阳名字中的<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>阳<FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT>同后面的<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>气<FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT>组成<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>阳气<FONT face="Times New Roman">”(</FONT>即春光<FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT>,使联意变为<FONT face="Times New Roman">:</FONT>李树东边春光暖。下联为李东阳所对,也借春秋时鲁国大夫柳下惠中的<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>惠<FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT>同后面的<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>风<FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT>组成<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>惠风<FONT face="Times New Roman">”(</FONT>即和风,又解微风<FONT face="Times New Roman">),</FONT>使联意变为<FONT face="Times New Roman">:</FONT>柳树下面微风和。这里的<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT>阳、惠<FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT>二字,都是两兼。
<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>〖层进〗就是对联用语层层推进。分逐层递增与逐层递减。
<FONT face="Times New Roman"> 1.</FONT>逐层递增<FONT face="Times New Roman">:</FONT>坐,上坐,请上坐<FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT>茶,敬茶,敬香茶
<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>逐层递增即意思随字数的增加而增加,此联相传为郑板桥游镇江寺时与势利眼主持的对答,总共分三个层次,一是“茶”对“坐”,二是“敬茶”对“上座”,三是“敬香茶”对“请上坐”。层层推进。
<FONT face="Times New Roman"> 2.</FONT>逐层递减<FONT face="Times New Roman">:</FONT>大伯手中摇羽扇<FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT>家君头上戴鹅毛。读书作文临帖<FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT>传呈放告排衙。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>读书宜朗诵<FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT>喝道要高声。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>七篇古文<FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT>三十大板。
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